19th Century Artists II
- 19th century artist most famous for theirs paintings: Frederic Remington, Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch, Wassily Kandinsky, Henri Matisse, Pierre Bonnard, Joseph Leyendecker, Aubrey Beardsley, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Umberto Boccioni, Jose Orosco, George Wesley Bellows, Stanton Macdonald-Wright, Max Beckmann, Jean Arp, Josef Albers, Léon Bakst, Marcel Duchamp, Marc Chagall, Georgia O'Keeffe, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Thomas Hart Benton, René Magritte, Alexander Calder, M.C. Escher, Rufino Tamayo
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- Frederic Remington Frederic Remington (1861-1909)
- Remington was born in Canton, New York. He briefly attended the Yale School of Art and the Art Students League of New York before heeding the call to "Go West." His dynamic representations of cowboys and cavalrymen, bronco busters and braves created a mythic image of the American West. Over the course of his career, he produced more than three thousand drawings and paintings, twenty-two bronze sculptures, a novel, a Broadway play, and over one hundred articles and stories.
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- Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
- Vincent created over 2000 remarkable unparalleled paintings and artworks. He also suffered violent insanity. He attacked his friend painter Paul Gauguin with a razor, and immediately afterward, cut off his left earlobe. His death resulted from self inflicted pistol wounds.
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- Edvard Munch Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
- Cultural anxiety haunts the work of Norwegian Edvard Munch with a formal inventiveness that impinges upon the emotions before we are even aware of the subject. The deeper regions of the psyche are accessible through the potent agency of rhythm and color expressed in Symbolist art.
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- Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)
- Kandinsky was born in Moscow and paited in Munich. He contibuted to modern styles - abstract, geometric and German expressionism, fantasy, and romantic superabundance, and movements -- Blue Rider and Bauhaus. He painted nonrepresentational watercolors. He published 'Concerning the Spiritual in Art', which examined the psychological effects of color and made comparisons between painting and music.
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- Henri Matisse Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
- Matisse was the leader of the Fauvist (meaning Wild Beasts) Movement, a painting style which focused on pure colors used in an aggressive and direct manner. His style changed many times over the years, but he never gave up his art. Matisse continued creating even into his 80's, when cancer had taken over his body. This was the time when he created the papercuttings that he is perhaps best known for. Matisse understood perfectly the relationship between color and shape, a talent which rightfully earned him the name "Master of Color."
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- Pierre Bonnard Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947)
- Pierre Bonnard was born in Fontenay-aux-Roses. In his twenties he was a part of Les Nabis, a group of young artists committed to creating work of symbolic and spiritual nature. Known for his intense use of color, he painted nudes of his wife Marthe, flowers and landscapes.
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- Joseph Leyendecker Joseph Christian Leyendecker (1874-1951)
- Leyendecker's mastery of the commercial art medium surpassed that of his better known follower, Norman Rockwell. Rockwell idolized Leyendecker. Leyendecker practically invented the American Santa Claus and did invent the New Year's baby. The U. S. Postal Service used his New Year's Baby on a stamp issued December 27, 1999 to commemorate the millenium.
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- Aubrey Beardsley Aubrey Vincent Beardsley (1872-1898)
- Aubrey Beardsley was born in Brighton, England. Beardsley's images are usually done in ink, and feature large dark areas contrasted with large blank ones, and areas of fine detail contrasted with areas with none at all. Beardsley illustrated Oscar Wilde's Salomé and produced illustrations for a deluxe edition of Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. Beardsley also wrote Under the Hill, an unfinished erotic tale based loosely on the legend of Tannhäuser.
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- Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
- Picasso went through the Blue Period (1901-1904) characterized by a predominantly blue palette and subjects focusing on outcasts, beggars, and prostitutes and the Rose Period (1904-1907) of pinks and beiges, light blues, and roses, with circus people and harlequins as subjects. Then came Cubism, the fragmenting of three-dimensional forms into flat areas of pattern and color, overlapping and intertwining so that shapes and parts of the human anatomy are seen from the front and back at the same time.
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- Georges Braque Georges Braque (1882-1963)
- Braque along with Picasso was a leader of Cubism. He believed that a work of art should be autonomous and not merely imitate nature. His chief subjects were still life and nature.
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- Umberto Boccioni Umberto Boccioni (1882-1916)
- Umberto Boccioni was an Italian painter and sculptor and a member of the futurist movement. His 1913 futurist bronze sculpture, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, is reproduced on the Italian 0.20 Euro coin.
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- Jose Orosco Jose Clemente Orosco (1883-1949)
- Orosco, a renowned muralist, studied at Mexico City's San Carlos Academy of Fine Arts. He painted murals, mostly al fresco, between 1922 and 1949 in Mexico, New York City (at the New School for Social Research and the Museum of Modern Art), New Hampshire (at Dartmouth College), as well as at Pomona College in southern California.
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- George Wesley Bellows George Wesley Bellows (1882-1925)
- George Wesley Bellows was born in Columbus, Ohio. Bellows' urban New York scenes depicted the crudity and chaos of working-class people and neighborhoods, and also satirized the upper classes. He served on the editorial board of the socialist journal, The Masses, to which he contributed many drawings and prints beginning in 1911.
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- Stanton Macdonald-Wright Stanton Macdonald-Wright (1890-1973)
- MacDonald-Wright was born in Charlottesville, North Carolina. He attended Santa Monica High school and the Art Students League in California, and the Sorbonne and Academies Julian, Colarossi, and Beaux Arts in Paris. He served as the Director of the Art Students League from 1923-30, and oversaw the WPA arts program in the western U.S. during the Depression.
- Convinced that color and sound were equivalent phenomena and that one could orchestrate the colors in a painting the way a composer arranged notes and chords in a musical composition, Macdonald-Wright developed Synchromism, a system of painting based on color scales. Later in his life he taught Asian aesthetics at UCLA.
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- Max Beckmann Max Beckmann (1884-1950)
- Max Beckmann was born in Leipzig and settled in Berlin in 1904. His first solo show came in 1912. Beckmann taught art in Frankfurt am Main from 1915, but was dismissed from his post by the Nazi Party in 1933. His art was condemned as Entartete Kunst (degenerate art) by the Nazis in 1937. Many of his works represent scenes from everyday life. They often show grotesque, mutilated bodies, and are seen as commenting on the wrong-doings of the German government in the 1920s and 1930s.
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- Jean Arp Jean Arp (1886 - 1966)
- Jean Arp was born in Strasbourg. From 1905 to 1907, Arp studied at the Kunstschule, Weimar, Germany. In 1908 he attended the Académie Julia in Paris. Arp was a founding member of the Dada movement in Zürich in 1916. In 1920, along with Max Ernst, and the social activist Alfred Grunwald, he set up the Cologne Dada group. However, in 1925 his work also appeared in the first exhibition of the Surrealist group at the Galerie Pierre in Paris. In 1931, he broke with Surrealism to found Abstraction-Creation. In 1950, he executed a relief for the Harvard University Graduate Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts and a mural at the UNESCO building in Paris. In 1954, Arp won the Grand Prize for Sculpture at the Venice Biennale.
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- Josef Albers Josef Albers (1888 - 1976)
- Josef Albers was a German artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some of the most influential and far-reaching art education programs of the 20th century. Born in Bottrop, Westphalia, on March 19, 1888, Albers studied art in Berlin, Essen, and Munich before enrolling as a student at the prestigious Weimar Bauhaus in 1920. He began teaching in the preliminary course of the Department of Design in 1922, and was promoted to Professor in 1925, the year the Bauhaus moved to Dessau.
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- Léon Bakst (1866-1924)
- Bakst was a Russian painter and scene- and costume- designer. Born Lev Rosenberg in St. Petersburg, he studied at Moscow and Paris academies. Bakst designed settings for Greek tragedies, and in 1908 made a name as a scene-painter for Diaghilev with the Ballets Russes. Bakst had a great influence on art and fashion in the early 20th century, especially on scene-designing, of which he was one of the first modern masters.
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- Marcel Duchamp (5 images) Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
- Marcel Duchamp, a painter, sculptor and author, was associated with Cubism, Dadaism and Surrealism. Duchamp's work is characterized by humor, a wide variety of media, and its incessant probing of the boundaries of art. His legacy includes the insight that art can be about ideas instead of objects.
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- Marc Chagall Marc Chagall (1887-1985)
- Chagall passed a childhood steeped in Hasidic culture. His Slav Expressionism was tinged with the influence of Daumier, Jean-François Millet, the Nabis and the Fauves. He was also influenced by Cubism. Essentially a colourist, Chagall was interested in the Simultaneist vision of Robert Delaunay and the Luminists of the Section d'Or. He painted chimerical processions of memory where reality and the imaginary are woven together. His work in stained glass adorns the Assy baptistery, the cathedrals of Metz and Rheims, the Hebrew University Medical Centre synagogue in Jerusalem and the Paris Opéra.
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- Georgia O'Keeffe Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986)
- O'Keeffe was born in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. During the 1920s, her large canvasses of lush overpowering flowers filled still lifes with dynamic energy and erotic tension, while her cityscapes were testaments to subtle beauty within the most industrial circumstances. She married Alfred Stieglitz in 1922. For the next twenty years the two would live and work together, Steiglitz creating an incredible body of portraits of O'Keeffe, while O'Keeffe showed new drawings and paintings nearly every year at his gallery. When Steiglitz in 1946 died, O'Keeffe took up permanent residence Taos. In 1977 her she received the Medal of Freedom, and in 1985 she received the Medal of the Arts.
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- David Alfaro Siqueiros David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974)
- Siqueiros was born in Chihuahua, Mexico. He portrayed Mexico's history and economic conditions in visually bold political terms inspired by class struggle. He was expelled from Mexico and came to Los Angeles and returned to Mexico. His dramatic murals remain in public display in California and Mexico.
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- Thomas Hart Benton Thomas Hart Benton (1889-1975)
- Thomas Hart Benton was born in Neosho, Missouri. His cartoon-like paintings showed everyday scenes of the contemporary Midwest, especially bucolic images of pre-industrial farmlands. Benton's sympathy was with the agricultural working class and the small farmer, caught in the path of the Industrial Revolution. His works often show the melancholy, desperation and beauty of small-town life.
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- René Magritte René Magritte (1898-1967)
- René was born in Belgium and in 1922 he married Georgette Berger. In 1925, Magritte painted what he considered to be his first major work, in 1927, he held his first one-man show at the Galérie Le Centaure. He toyed with everyday objects, human habits and emotions, placing them in foreign contexts and questioning their familiar meanings. He rehabilitated the object. He made the commonplace profound and the rational irrational. His work goes beyond escapism and serves to reveal some of the murkier and complex aspects of the human condition.
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- Alexander Calder Alexander Calder (1898-1976)
- Alexander Caldert was born in Lawnton, Pennsylvania and is famous for inventing the mobile. Calder initially trained as a mechanical engineer, receiving a degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1919. He designed kinetic sculptures which were manipulated by a means of cranks and pulleys and then, by the end of 1931 he moved on to more delicate sculptures which derived their motion from the air currents in the room and true mobiles were born. In the 1950s, Calder increasingly concentrated his efforts on producing monumental sculptures. Notable examples are .125 for JFK Airport in 1957 and La Spirale for UNESCO in Paris 1958. Calder's largest sculpture at 20.5 m high, was El Sol Rojo constructed for the Olympic games in Mexico City.
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- M.C. Escher M.C. Escher (1898-1972)
- M.C. Escher drew spatial illusions, impossible buildings and repeating geometric patterns known as tessellations. He also produced woodcuttings and lithographs.
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- Rufino Tamayo Rufino Tamayo (1899-1991)
- Tamayo, a Zapotecan Indian was born in Oaxaca. While his contemporaries Siqueiros, Rivera and Orozco advocated art with a political message, Tamayo remained fiercely committed to painting as a spiritual activity. Tamayo's work focused on plastic forms integrated with a masterful use of colors and textures. Tamayo developed "Mixografia®," a graphic technique to obtain colored and textured three-dimensional prints on handmade paper.
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- Gallery pictures: inside
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- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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